RT Book, Section
A1 GUPTA, PRASHANT
A1 HEDGIRE, SANDEEP
A1 ZIA, AIZA
A1 HASAN, NADEEN ABU
A1 HARISINGHANI, MUKESH
A2 Butler, Kathryn L.
A2 Harisinghani, Mukesh
SR Print(0)
ID 1108258686
T1 PLAIN FILMS: BASICS
T2 Acute Care Surgery: Imaging Essentials for Rapid Diagnosis
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071831208
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1108258686
RD 2023/05/30
AB X-rays  are  high-energy  electromagnetic  waves  that  have  been  used  in  diagnostic  imaging  since  their  discovery  in  1896  by  Wilhelm  Conrad  Roentgen.  They  consist  of  electromagnetic  components  oscillating  in  orthogonal  planes.  For  routine  clinical  use,  a  finely  controlled  x-ray  beam  of  known  energy  and  quantity  is  targeted  toward  the  site  of  interest.1  An  x-ray  tube  in  its  most  elementary  form  consists  of  a  tube  filament  and  target  (Figure  1–1).  The  tube  filament  (cathode)  emits  electrons  when  heated.  A  target  (anode)  emits  x-rays  when  struck  by  these  high-energy  electrons.  In  diagnostic  radiology,  these  x-rays  pass  through  a  patient  and  are  attenuated  to  various  degrees  based  on  the  density  of  the  tissue.  They  then  strike  an  image  detector,  leading  to  formation  of  an  image.  On  the  processed  image  the  “lighter”  areas  are  the  attenuated  x-rays,  with  “darker”  areas  of  the  film  corresponding  to  areas  of  less  attenuation.  Bone,  the  densest  tissue,  appears  bright  white  on  plain  film,  while  soft  tissue  is  of  intermediate  attenuation,  and  air  appears  black  (Table  1–1).