RT Book, Section
A1 Martin, Jeremiah T.
A1 Hoopes, Charles W.
A1 Diaz-Guzman, Enrique
A1 Zwischenberger, Joseph B.
A2 Sugarbaker, David J.
A2 Bueno, Raphael
A2 Colson, Yolonda L.
A2 Jaklitsch, Michael T.
A2 Krasna, Mark J.
A2 Mentzer, Steven J.
A2 Williams, Marcia
A2 Adams, Ann
SR Print(0)
ID 1105844866
T1 Artificial Lung
T2 Adult Chest Surgery, 2e
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-178189-3
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105844866
RD 2024/04/18
AB Extracorporeal  membrane  oxygenation  (ECMO)  has  continued  to  evolve  since  the  pioneers  of  cardiac  surgery,  Gibbon  and  Lillehei,  developed  cardiopulmonary  bypass  in  the  1950s.  The  term  ECMO  applies  to  the  use  of  an  extracorporeal  circuit,  consisting  of  tubing,  oxygenator  and  blood  pump,  in  the  setting  of  cardiopulmonary  failure.  The  original  ECMO  was  veno-arterial  (VA)  as  popularized  by  Bartlett  in  the  early  1980s.  Over  the  last  three  decades  ECMO  has  evolved  into  several  forms  including  VA,  veno-venous  (VV),  arterio-venous  (AV),  right  atrium  to  aorta  (RA–Ao),  and  pulmonary  artery  to  left  atrium  (PA–LA).  ECMO  in  some  form  may  be  indicated  for  acute  cardiac  failure,  respiratory  failure,  or  a  mixed  presentation;  the  specific  application  of  the  therapy  will  depend  on  the  presentation  of  the  patient.  Likewise,  several  programs  have  developed  ambulatory  capability  of  most  forms  of  ECMO  to  aid  recovery  or  suitability  for  transplant.  Ambulatory  ECMO  is  often  referred  to  as  the  “artificial  lung.”