RT Book, Section A1 Shires III, G. Tom A2 Brunicardi, F. Charles A2 Andersen, Dana K. A2 Billiar, Timothy R. A2 Dunn, David L. A2 Hunter, John G. A2 Matthews, Jeffrey B. A2 Pollock, Raphael E. SR Print(0) ID 1117740580 T1 Fluid and Electrolyte Management of the Surgical Patient T2 Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 10e YR 2015 FD 2015 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071796743 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1117740580 RD 2024/03/28 AB Proper management of fluid and electrolytes facilitates crucial homeostasis that allows cardiovascular perfusion, organ system function, and cellular mechanisms to respond to surgical illness.Knowledge of the compartmentalization of body fluids forms the basis for understanding pathologic shifts in these fluid spaces in disease states. Although difficult to quantify, a deficiency in the functional extracellular fluid compartment often requires resuscitation with isotonic fluids in surgical and trauma patients.Alterations in the concentration of serum sodium have profound effects on cellular function due to water shifts between the intracellular and extracellular spaces.Different rates of compensation between respiratory and metabolic components of acid-base homeostasis require frequent laboratory reassessment during therapy.Although active investigation continues, alternative resuscitation fluids have limited clinical utility, other than the correction of specific electrolyte abnormalities.Most acute surgical illnesses are accompanied by some degree of volume loss or redistribution. Consequently, isotonic fluid administration is the most common initial intravenous fluid strategy, while attention is being given to alterations in concentration and composition.Some surgical patients with neurologic illness, malnutrition, acute renal failure, or cancer require special attention to well-defined, disease-specific abnormalities in fluid and electrolyte status.