RT Book, Section A1 Ostrowsky, Jacob A1 Ungerleider, Ross A2 Yuh, David D. A2 Vricella, Luca A. A2 Yang, Stephen C. A2 Doty, John R. SR Print(0) ID 1104595188 T1 Cardiopulmonary Bypass in the Pediatric Patient T2 Johns Hopkins Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery YR 2014 FD 2014 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-166350-2 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1104595188 RD 2024/11/09 AB The development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has enabled operative treatment for countless numbers of patients with a multitude of acquired and congenital cardiac and vascular anomalies. The CPB circuit is a unique device designed to divert a patient’s circulation around the area that requires surgical repair so that surgeons can operate in a virtually bloodless field. The typical CPB circuit consists of a series of blood pumps that provide cardiopulmonary support through disposable components consisting primarily of tubing, a blood collection reservoir, and an oxygenator (Fig. 61-1). The deoxygenated venous blood is pumped through the oxygenator and is returned to the arterial system of the patient. The first successful open heart surgical procedure using an extracorporeal CPB machine was performed in 1953 by John Gibbon.1 Since then, there have been dramatic improvements to the device itself, to the components required for its application and to the techniques and strategies used to apply it, and to the monitoring, while safety systems have been designed to enable safe and consistent results, with steadily improving patient outcomes. This chapter will provide a general overview of the CPB circuit components [extracorporeal circuit (ECC)] and a brief discussion of strategies used to apply this technology in the field of pediatric cardiac surgery.