RT Book, Section A1 Long, Eric A1 Chung, Dai H. A2 Ziegler, Moritz M. A2 Azizkhan, Richard G. A2 Allmen, Daniel von A2 Weber, Thomas R. SR Print(0) ID 1100439256 T1 Neuroblastoma T2 Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2e YR 2014 FD 2014 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-162723-8 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1100439256 RD 2024/10/03 AB As the second most frequent solid cancer of childhood, neuroblastoma remains an enigmatic tumor with a dismal outcome for advanced stage disease.Patient age and tumor stage at the time of diagnosis are the 2 most important variables contributing to neuroblastoma progression and relapse.Neuroblastoma stage is not only dependent on tumor location but also the presence of nodal and/or metastatic disease along with patient risk factors.The operative goal in neuroblastoma treatment is complete tumor removal of both the primary tumor and its adjacent involved lymph nodes (for stage I and II disease). There may also be considerable value in the cytoreductive removal of the maximum tumor burden that is both safe and feasible in more advanced stage disease.Surgical resection is not recommended in stage IV-S disease where the neuroblastoma is prone to spontaneous regression.Multimodal therapy-operation, chemotherapy and irradiation is key for neuroblastoma treatment depending on patient age, disease stage, response to therapy, and tumor relapse. The treatment goal remains both local control, metastatic control, and the prevention of relapse.