RT Book, Section A1 Grewal, Harsh A1 Evans, Barry A2 Ziegler, Moritz M. A2 Azizkhan, Richard G. A2 Allmen, Daniel von A2 Weber, Thomas R. SR Print(0) ID 1100433596 T1 Lung Infections: Lung Biopsy, Lung Abscess, Bronchiectasis, and Empyema T2 Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2e YR 2014 FD 2014 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-162723-8 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1100433596 RD 2024/10/10 AB The most common condition related to lung infection requiring surgical intervention in a hospitalized child is empyema resulting from a complication of community-acquired pneumonia.Most children with empyema can be successfully treated by following an algorithm that uses a minimally invasive approach with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).Lung biopsy for pulmonary infiltrates and possible lung infection in immunocompromised children may be required when imaging (including high-resolution computerized tomography [HRCT]), bronchoscopy, broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL), and genetic testing for interstitial lung disorders are unsuccessful in obtaining a diagnosis.Most lung biopsies can be performed using VATS, unless single lung ventilation cannot be safely tolerated.Lung abscesses, which are uncommon in children, and bronchiectasis, usually complicating cystic fibrosis, rarely require surgery. Use of an algorithmic approach to these disorders may reduce length of hospitalization and morbidity.