RT Book, Section
A1 Chwals, Walter J.
A2 Ziegler, Moritz M.
A2 Azizkhan, Richard G.
A2 Allmen, Daniel von
A2 Weber, Thomas R.
SR Print(0)
ID 1100431401
T1 Nutritional Supplementation in Pediatric Surgery
T2 Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2e
YR 2014
FD 2014
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-162723-8
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1100431401
RD 2024/04/18
AB Although  optimal  growth  of  the  neonate  can  be  insured  with  a  caloric  intake  from  100  to  150  kcal/kg/D,  during  acute  metabolic  stress  (injury)  states,  characterized  by  increased  C-reactive  protein  and  decreased  prealbumin  serum  concentrations,  daily  energy  repletion  should  be  based  on  either  measured  energy  expenditure  values  or  basal  metabolic  rate.The  metabolic  rate  increases  10%  to  13%  per  degree  centigrade  elevation  and  7.2%  per  degree  Fahrenheit  elevation.The  nutritional  caloric  regimen  for  the  metabolic  impact  of  acute  injury  in  infants  does  not  require  the  replacement  of  calories  allotted  for  growth.Glycemic  control  during  the  resuscitative  and  stabilization  phase  of  acute  illness  may  provide  a  favorable  impact  on  patient  morbidity  and  mortality.Indirect  calorimetry  is  a  useful  energy  assessment  tool.  During  critical  illness,  changes  in  daily  energy  repletion  are  dependent  on  the  magnitude  and  duration  of  the  acute  metabolic  stress  response,  but  do  not  include  energy  required  for  growth,  insensible  losses,  or  activity.Both  enteral  and  parenteral  nutrition  are  effective  in  reducing  the  hypermetabolic  response  to  injury  as  well  as  reducing  protein  catabolism.