RT Book, Section
A1 Doherty, Gerard M.
SR Print(0)
ID 1004107133
T1 Pulmonary Thromboembolism
T2 Quick Answers Surgery
YR 2010
FD 2010
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1004107133
RD 2024/04/23
AB •  Deep  venous  thrombosis  (DVT)  most  common  source  of  pulmonary  embolism  (PE)•  Uncommon  causes  of  embolism  include:  -Air  (complications  from  central  lines)-Fat  (long  bone  fractures,  respiratory  insufficiency,  coagulopathy,  encephalopathy,  petechiae)-Amniotic  (during  active  labor)-Tumor  emboli  from  RA  or  inferior  vena  cava  (IVC)•  <  10%  of  PE  cause  pulmonary  infarction•  Size  and  frequency  of  PE  determines  disease  and  outcome•  PE  obstructing  large  pulmonary  artery:  RV  failure•  PE  causes  release  of  vasoactive  amines  causing  severe  pulmonary  vasoconstriction,  increased  dead  space  and  hypoxia  from  right-to-left  shunt•  Reflex  bronchial  vasoconstriction  common