RT Book, Section
A1 Auyang, Edward D.
A1 Soper, Nathaniel J.
A2 Zinner, Michael J.
A2 Ashley, Stanley W.
SR Print(0)
ID 57018069
T1 Chapter 48. Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis
T2 Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 12e
YR 2013
FD 2013
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-163388-8
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57018069
RD 2024/04/19
AB Cholecystectomy  is  one  of  the  most  common  surgical  procedures  performed  in  the  United  States  with  over  600,000  procedures  performed  each  year.  Open  cholecystectomy,  first  performed  by  Carl  Langenbuch  in  1882,  has  been  the  primary  treatment  of  gallbladder  disease  through  the  early  1990s.1  In  1985,  the  first  endoscopic  cholecystectomy  was  performed  by  Erich  Mühe  of  Böblingen,  Germany.  Shortly  thereafter,  pioneers  in  France  and  the  United  States  coupled  a  CCD  video  camera  with  a  laparoscope  to  allow  the  entire  surgical  team  to  view  the  operative  field  and  performed  cholecystectomies  with  laparoscopic  equipment.  Since  then,  laparoscopic  cholecystectomy  has  been  adopted  around  the  world,  and  subsequently  been  recognized  as  the  gold  standard  for  the  treatment  of  gallstone  disease.2–5  In  1992,  the  National  Institutes  of  Health  (NIH)  Consensus  Development  Conference  stated  that  laparoscopic  cholecystectomy  provides  a  safe  and  effective  treatment  for  most  patients  with  symptomatic  gallstones.6  Currently  it  is  estimated  that  over  80%  of  cholecystectomies  are  performed  using  the  laparoscopic  approach.