RT Book, Section A1 Langell, John T. A1 Mulvihill, Sean J. A2 Zinner, Michael J. A2 Ashley, Stanley W. SR Print(0) ID 57011237 T1 Chapter 22. Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Other Gastric Neoplasms (Except Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors) T2 Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 12e YR 2013 FD 2013 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-163388-8 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57011237 RD 2024/11/06 AB Gastric cancer describes a broad mix of malignant neoplasms derived from the different histological components that make up the stomach. These include adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, carcinoid, and sarcoma. Gastric adenocarcinoma accounts for over 90% of all cases of gastric cancers globally.1,2 The incidence of gastric cancer decreased dramatically in the latter half of the 20th century; however, a recent rise in proximal gastric cancer incidence has been noted. Gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (Fig. 22-1).1–4 As is the case for many cancers, the epidemiological distribution of gastric cancer demonstrates a marked variation in regional incidence—with as much as a 10-fold difference between the highest- and lowest-risk populations.5 An estimated 900,000–950,000 newly diagnosed gastric cancer cases per year occurred worldwide at the beginning of the 21st century, with the great majority of these cases found in developing countries and China.2,3,5–7 Industrialized nations continue to see a marked decline in the incidence of gastric cancer, particularly in the body and antrum. In the United States, the estimated number of new cases diagnosed in 2009 was 21,130 with the number of gastric cancer–associated deaths estimated to be 10,620.7 These numbers highlight the continued decreasing trend in both gastric cancer incidence and mortality (Table 22-1). In fact, death rates attributed to gastric cancer in the Unites States fell by over 40% for males and 32% for females between the years 1990 and 2005.7