RT Book, Section
A1 Irvin Jr, William
A1 Amos, Keith
A2 Kuerer, Henry M.
SR Print(0)
ID 6416696
T1 Chapter 83. Selection of Patients for Therapy
T2 Kuerer's Breast Surgical Oncology
YR 2010
FD 2010
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-160178-8
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6416696
RD 2024/04/18
AB Initial  observational  studies  of  the  natural  history  of  breast  cancer  (untreated)  viewed  all  breast  cancers  as  the  same,  causing  death  a  median  of  2.7  years  after  presentation.1  Similarly,  initial  treatment  trials2-4  viewed  breast  cancer  as  a  homogeneous  disease  with  no  consideration  of  possible  biological  differences.  Fortunately,  in  the  1960s,  breast  cancer  heterogeneity  was  beginning  to  be  recognized  and  included  such  factors  as  tumor  size,  the  number  of  tumor-involved  lymph  nodes,5-7  and  later  the  influence  of  estrogen  receptor  (ER)  and  progesterone  receptor  (PR).8-10