RT Book, Section
A1 McLaughlin, Sarah
A1 Cody, Hiram S.
A2 Kuerer, Henry M.
SR Print(0)
ID 6415414
T1 Chapter 70. Surgery for Gynecomastia
T2 Kuerer's Breast Surgical Oncology
YR 2010
FD 2010
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-160178-8
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6415414
RD 2024/04/25
AB Gynecomastia  (GM)  is  a  benign  proliferation  of  the  glandular  component  of  the  male  breast  caused  by  an  increase  in  the  ratio  of  estrogens  to  androgens.  It  presents  as  a  palpable,  concentric,  and  often  painful  subareolar  mass  and  may  be  unilateral  or  bilateral.  Although  the  finding  of  breast  enlargement  may  be  embarrassing  or  distressing  to  the  patient,  surgery  for  GM  is  rarely  indicated,  and  cancer  is  present  in  less  than  1%  of  patients.  Gynecomastia  is  common.  Two  historical  case  series  report  57%  of  healthy  older  men  have  GM,  which  increases  to  nearly  70%  in  hospitalized  older  men.1,2  Further,  autopsy  series  found  GM  in  40%  to  55%  of  unselected  cases.3