RT Book, Section A1 Horvath, Keith A. A1 Zhou, Yifu A2 Cohn, Lawrence H. SR Print(0) ID 55918631 T1 Chapter 27. Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization and Extravascular Angiogenetic Techniques to Increase Myocardial Blood Flow T2 Cardiac Surgery in the Adult, 4e YR 2012 FD 2012 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-163310-9 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55918631 RD 2024/11/14 AB Despite the success of medical therapy, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), there are a significant number of patients with refractory angina owing to diffuse CAD that is not amenable to PCI or CABG. This severe CAD can lead to incomplete revascularization and is noted to occur in up to 25% of CABG surgery.1 This incomplete revascularization is a powerful independent predictor of operative mortality and perioperative adverse events.1,2 Additionally, the presence of diseased but nongrafted arteries carries a poor prognosis and poses a significant negative influence leading to an increased incidence of death, recurrent angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and the need for repeat CABG.3,4