RT Book, Section A1 Sample, Jack W. A1 Brunicardi, Charles A2 Nazzal, Munier A2 Blebea, John A2 Osman, Mohamed F. SR Print(0) ID 1200680205 T1 Leadership and Physicians as Leaders in Health Care Organizations T2 Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: Clinical Diagnosis and Management YR 2024 FD 2024 PB McGraw Hill PP New York, NY SN 9781260462715 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1200680205 RD 2024/10/05 AB The field of surgery continues to evolve at an astonishing pace. Briefly visiting the history of surgery, we can marvel at the leaps and bounds this field has made in a relatively short period of time. Joseph Lister’s theory of antisepsis did not take prominence in practice until the early twentieth century, yet at the end of the century, we witnessed the revolution of minimally invasive surgery championed by the laparoscopic approach. Only time will tell the next momentous innovation within the field of surgery. The evolution of surgery expands beyond technological advancement and the ability to successfully complete surgical procedures once thought to be impossible. Surgical culture has also undergone immense change. Historically, surgery was a field dominated by surgeons who led with a command-and-control style of practice.1 This was, in part, secondary to the nature of the specialty at that time. Surgeons were once tasked with being the sole caretaker of their patients, being highly specialized in the ability to treat pathology with surgical technique. In the operating room, surgeons acted as sole decision-makers in the oversight of patient care. Recent decades have brought forth a transformation toward a more dynamic and interdisciplinary health care system that places increasing focus on the patient experience.2 In recent years, policymakers and scholars have taken interest in better understanding how the role of leadership has changed in today’s health care system, and what qualities will make an effective leader in today’s health care landscape.3 This new dynamic approach to medicine has disrupted the old norms of many health care specialties, particularly the field of surgery. The old norms of the commanding surgeon have been disrupted as the evolution of our health care system brings forth new standards of multidisciplinary care. As the single-provider style of care phases out, a new era of surgical culture is ushered in placing greater emphasis on team dynamics and leadership abilities.