RT Book, Section A1 McCann-Molmenti, Alexia A1 Molmenti, Ernesto P A2 Molmenti, Ernesto Pompeo SR Print(0) ID 1194178392 T1 Anatomy T2 Molmenti’s Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation: Operative Techniques and Medical Management, 2e YR 2023 FD 2023 PB McGraw Hill PP New York, NY SN 9781260474275 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1194178392 RD 2024/03/28 AB Multiple possible sites of origin of the renal arteries, including but not limited to:1Lumbar arteriesMiddle sacral arteryMain hilar renal arteryCommon, external, or internal iliac arteriesInferior phrenic arteryGonadal arterySuprarenal arteryRight colic arteryTwelfth intercostal arteryRight hepatic arteryCeliac trunkSuperior or inferior mesenteric arteriesAortaMultiple renal arteries:1,3–5Embryologically, multiple renal arteries develop as persistent entities of the initial mesonephros:The ascent of the embryologic kidney is normally accompanied by changes in its vascular supply, shifting from the iliac arteries while in the pelvic cavity to increasingly superior aspects of the abdominal aorta as it continues its ascent to its final resting positionUsually 1–3 additional arteries, but may reach up to 7No significance between race and genderMean prevalence of 28% (11%–31%)87% incidence of unilateral multiple renal arteriesOf those kidneys with multiple renal arteries:6.5% incidence of prehilar branching22%–83% had 2 arteries4.5%–13% had 3 arteries1.4%–4% had 4 arteries0.2% had 5 arteriesIn 30% of kidneys with multiple renal arteries, there was a short common trunk dividing into the main renal artery and a thinner arteryMultiple renal arteries on the left side were also found to emerge lower than the right ones and displayed a greater variability at origin23%–52% incidence on the right32%–48% incidence on the left10% incidence of bilateral additional renal arteries3