RT Book, Section A1 Ellison, E. Christopher A1 Zollinger, Jr., Robert M. A1 Pawlik, Timothy M. A1 Vaccaro, Patrick S. A1 Bitans, Marita A1 Baker, Anthony S. SR Print(0) ID 1187823353 T1 Parathyroidectomy T2 Zollinger’s Atlas of Surgical Operations, 11e YR 2022 FD 2022 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260440850 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1187823353 RD 2024/10/16 AB Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder usually cured when treated surgically. Parathyroid gland overactivity documented by appropriate laboratory studies may be associated with general hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands or with an adenoma involving one or more parathyroid glands. Kidney stones, osteopenia/osteoporosis, gastrinoma, recurrent pancreatitis, and other conditions are some of the clinical disorders that imply a disorder of the parathyroid glands. Hypercalcemia is discovered as a result of more frequent calcium determinations performed as part of a general screening survey. Hyperparathyroidism is associated with gastrinoma in approximately one-third of patients with the familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN I) syndrome. A mitogenic cause for the relatively high incidence of recurrent hyperparathyroidism in the familial MEN I syndrome suggests the need for a radical approach, which may consist of total parathyroidectomy with parathyroid autotransplantation into the muscle in the nondominant forearm versus removal of three and a half parathyroid glands.