RT Book, Section A1 Li, Yun Rose A1 Gottschalk, Alexander R. A1 Roach III, Mack A2 McAninch, Jack W. A2 Lue, Tom F. SR Print(0) ID 1171184505 T1 Radiotherapy of Urologic Tumors T2 Smith & Tanagho's General Urology, 19e YR 2020 FD 2020 PB McGraw Hill PP New York, NY SN 9781259834332 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1171184505 RD 2024/10/08 AB Radiation has played an important role in the primary management of genitourologic malignancies for more than 100 years. In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen described x-rays; by 1899, a patient with skin cancer was cured with radiation; and within 10 years, radiation was used to treat prostate cancer. Radiotherapy has become a mainstay of treatment for cancers arising from the bladder and testes and prostate and to a lesser degree of penile, urethral, and kidney cancers as megavoltage sources became available, despite advances in chemotherapy and aggressive surgery. Moreover, the advent of dose-escalated, short-course radiation therapy such as stereotactic body radiation (SBRT), has opened new avenues for the use of radiation in the treatment of genitourinary malignancies (Gonzalez-Motta and Roach, 2017; Kishan et al, 2019a; Morgan et al, 2018). In this chapter, we review general principles and the indications for using radiation as a component in the primary management of urologic malignant diseases. Although radiation also plays a major role as an agent of palliation, this information has been well documented elsewhere and is excluded from this chapter (Hansen and Roach, 2018; Bourgeois 3rd et al, 2011; Carl et al, 2019).