RT Book, Section
A1 Tsukada, Hisashi
A2 Sugarbaker, David J.
A2 Bueno, Raphael
A2 Burt, Bryan M.
A2 Groth, Shawn S.
A2 Loor, Gabriel
A2 Wolf, Andrea S.
A2 Williams, Marcia
A2 Adams, Ann
SR Print(0)
ID 1170409018
T1 Endoscopic Therapy for Endobronchial Lesions
T2 Sugarbaker’s Adult Chest Surgery, 3e
YR 2020
FD 2020
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781260026931
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1170409018
RD 2023/12/10
AB Central  airway  obstruction  (CAO)  is  caused  by  a  variety  of  benign  and  malignant  diseases.  In  general,  a  tracheal  luminal  diameter  less  than  8  mm  will  result  in  exertional  dyspneic  symptoms  and  audible  stridor;  symptoms  occur  at  rest  at  less  than  5  mm.1  Sticky  secretions  or  a  mucus  plug  at  the  stenotic  area  may  result  in  the  patient  potentially  becoming  symptomatic,  even  with  a  tracheal  diameter  larger  than  8  mm,  which  may  become  life-threatening.  Restoration  of  airway  patency  is  associated  with  improvement  in  symptoms,  quality  of  life,  and  lung  function.2  The  treatment  of  malignant  CAO  is  often  a  multimodality  approach  and  is  usually  performed  for  palliation  of  symptoms  in  advanced  lung  cancer.  In  contrast,  benign  CAO  disease  pathogenesis  per  se  does  not  influence  the  patient’s  prognosis.  Therefore,  a  more  curative  intervention  option  is  required,  including  resection  and  reconstruction  of  the  airway  with  an  expert  team.  This  chapter  reviews  currently  available  endotracheal  and  endobronchial  techniques  for  the  management  of  CAO  in  various  settings,  including  balloon  tracheobronchoplasty,  mechanical  airway  dilation  and  core-out,  electrocautery,  argon  plasma  coagulation,  laser  therapy,  photodynamic  therapy,  cryotherapy,  brachytherapy,  and  airway  stents.  All  CAO  cases  are  challenging  for  the  physician.  Treatment  options  will  be  determined  by  expertise  and  available  equipment  in  each  institution.