RT Book, Section A1 Chan, Yvonne A1 Goddard, John C. SR Print(0) ID 1172368323 T1 Head and Neck Manifestations of HIV T2 K.J. Lee’s Essential Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, 12e YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781260122237 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1172368323 RD 2024/03/29 AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection that leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).HIV belongs to the Lentivirus genus of the retroviridae family.An enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that primarily infects CD4+ T lymphocytes (though it can infect other cell that express CD4, such as macrophages).Viral life cycleInfection of the host cell via binding to CD4 and fusion of the viral envelope and cell membrane.The viral RNA is reverse transcribed in DNA and integrated into the host genome.There is a period of latency, followed by an active viral replication phase.New viral particles “bud off” of the cell membrane of the infected cell.This eventually results in cellular destruction and consequently impairment of the host’s immune system.