RT Book, Section
A1 Shabsigh, Ahmad
A1 Sourial, Michael
A1 Bellows, Fara F.
A1 McClung, Christopher
A1 Jayanthi, Rama
A1 Kielb, Stephanie
A1 Box, Geoffrey N.
A1 Knudsen, Bodo E.
A1 Lee, Cheryl T.
A1 Jenkins, Lawrence C.
A2 Brunicardi, F. Charles
A2 Andersen, Dana K.
A2 Billiar, Timothy R.
A2 Dunn, David L.
A2 Kao, Lillian S.
A2 Hunter, John G.
A2 Matthews, Jeffrey B.
A2 Pollock, Raphael E.
SR Print(0)
ID 1164314852
T1 Urology
T2 Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 11e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259835353
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1164314852
RD 2024/04/24
AB Key  Points  Most  small  ureteral  calculi  will  pass  spontaneously  or  with  the  use  of  medical  expulsive  therapy,  but  larger  stones  (>6  mm)  are  better  treated  with  ureteral  stenting  or  lithotripsy.  Benign  prostatic  hyperplasia  can  be  managed  effectively  with  medical  therapy  or  minimally  invasive  endoscopic  and  robotic  surgical  techniques  depending  on  the  urinary  symptoms,  patient  bother,  prostate  size,  and  patient’s  therapeutic  choice.  Patients  with  recurrent  urethral  stricture  after  endoscopic  treatment  are  unlikely  to  derive  sustained  benefit  from  future  endoscopic  therapies  and  should  be  referred  for  urethral  reconstruction.  The  vast  majority  of  renal  trauma  can  be  treated  conservatively,  with  early  surgical  intervention  reserved  for  persistent  bleeding,  renal  vascular,  or  ureteral  injuries.  Extraperitoneal  bladder  ruptures  can  be  treated  conservatively,  but  intraperitoneal  ruptures  typically  require  surgical  repair.  Testicular  torsion  is  an  emergency  where  successful  testicular  salvage  is  inversely  related  to  the  delay  in  repair,  so  cases  with  a  high  degree  of  clinical  suspicion  should  not  wait  for  a  radiologic  diagnosis.  Fournier’s  gangrene  is  a  rapidly  progressive  and  potentially  lethal  condition  that  requires  aggressive  débridement  and  close  follow-up  due  to  the  frequent  need  for  repeat  débridement.  The  management  of  early  stage  prostate  cancer  has  changed  significantly,  with  a  much  greater  emphasis  on  risk  stratification.  Low  risk  patients  are  largely  treated  with  active  surveillance.  Treatments  for  urinary  incontinence  and  voiding  dysfunction  are  varied  depending  on  the  etiology,  severity,  and  bother  of  the  symptom.  Behavior  modification,  bladder  retraining,  and  medical  therapies  can  all  be  effective  in  improving  symptoms  without  the  need  for  surgery.