RT Book, Section
A1 Harris, David
A1 Ruan, Daniel
A2 Zinner, Michael J.
A2 Ashley, Stanley W.
A2 Hines, O. Joe
SR Print(0)
ID 1160046541
T1 Adrenal Anatomy and Physiology
T2 Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 13e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071843072
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160046541
RD 2024/04/19
AB The  adrenal  glands  are  paired  retroperitoneal  organs  superomedial  to  the  kidneys  at  the  level  of  the  12th  rib.  They  are  surrounded  by  loosely  attached  fat  posteriorly  to  diaphragmatic  muscle.  This  fat  can  obscure  the  visualization  and  identification  of  adrenal  tumors.  Left-sided  adrenal  tumors  lie  adjacent  to  and  can  invade  the  spleen,  pancreas  tail,  liver,  kidney,  or  renal  hilum.  If  not  careful,  it  is  possible  to  mistake  the  tail  of  the  pancreas  for  the  left  adrenal  gland  given  the  similar  texture  and  size.  Right-sided  adrenal  tumors  lie  adjacent  to  and  can  invade  the  liver  or  inferior  vena  cava  (IVC).