RT Book, Section
A1 Teitelbaum, Ezra N.
A1 Soper, Nathaniel J.
A2 Zinner, Michael J.
A2 Ashley, Stanley W.
A2 Hines, O. Joe
SR Print(0)
ID 1160044752
T1 Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis
T2 Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 13e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071843072
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160044752
RD 2022/08/10
AB Cholecystectomy  is  one  of  the  most  common  surgical  procedures  performed  in  the  United  States,  with  over  700,000  procedures  performed  each  year.1  Open  cholecystectomy,  first  performed  by  Carl  Langenbuch  in  1882,  had  been  the  primary  treatment  of  gallbladder  disease  through  the  early  1990s.2  In  1985,  the  first  endoscopic  cholecystectomy  was  performed  by  Erich  Mühe  of  Böblingen,  Germany.  Shortly  thereafter,  pioneers  in  France  and  the  United  States  coupled  a  video  camera  with  a  laparoscope  to  allow  the  surgeon  and  the  entire  surgical  team  to  more  easily  view  the  operative  field  and  performed  cholecystectomies  with  laparoscopic  equipment.  Since  then,  laparoscopic  cholecystectomy  has  been  adopted  around  the  world,  and  subsequently  been  recognized  as  the  gold  standard  for  the  treatment  of  gallstone  disease.3,4  The  first  laparoscopic  cholecystectomy  in  the  United  States  was  performed  in  1988,  and  by  1992,  the  National  Institutes  of  Health  (NIH)  Consensus  Development  Conference  stated  that  laparoscopic  cholecystectomy  provides  a  safe  and  effective  treatment  for  most  patients  with  symptomatic  gallstones.5  Currently,  it  is  estimated  that  approximately  90%  of  cholecystectomies  in  the  United  States  are  performed  using  a  laparoscopic  approach.6