RT Book, Section
A1 Kim, Teresa S.
A1 Bordeianou, Liliana G.
A1 Hodin, Richard A.
A2 Zinner, Michael J.
A2 Ashley, Stanley W.
A2 Hines, O. Joe
SR Print(0)
ID 1160041611
T1 Carcinoid Tumors and Carcinoid Syndrome
T2 Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 13e
YR 2019
FD 2019
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071843072
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160041611
RD 2024/09/19
AB The  term  “karzinoide”  was  first  used  in  1907  by  pathologist  Siegfried  Oberndorfer  to  describe  small  intestinal  tumors  that  resembled  carcinomas  on  histology,  but  behaved  less  aggressively  clinically.1  In  the  current  literature,  carcinoids  refer  to  well-differentiated,  low-to-intermediate-grade  neuroendocrine  tumors  (NETs)  of  the  bronchopulmonary  and  gastrointestinal  (GI)  tracts.2  By  definition,  NETs  are  epithelial  neoplasms  with  both  neural  and  endocrine  differentiation,  which  arise  from  many  different  cell  types  of  the  neuroendocrine  system.2  Carcinoids  represent  a  diverse  subset  of  NETs,  which  exhibit  slow  growth  but  variable  clinical  presentation,  growth  pattern,  and  prognosis,  depending  on  anatomic  site  and  cell  of  origin.2–4  This  chapter  describes  the  clinical  behavior  of  GI  carcinoids,  as  well  as  their  diagnosis  and  management  by  anatomic  site.  It  concludes  with  a  brief  description  of  metastatic  carcinoid  and  carcinoid  syndrome,  a  rare  but  potentially  life-threatening  presentation.