RT Book, Section A1 Tong, Daniel King Hung A1 Law, Simon A2 Zinner, Michael J. A2 Ashley, Stanley W. A2 Hines, O. Joe SR Print(0) ID 1160039971 T1 Cancer of the Esophagus T2 Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 13e YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071843072 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1160039971 RD 2024/10/07 AB Historically, surgery is the mainstay of treatment for esophageal cancer. Czerny was the first who resected a cervical esophageal cancer in 1877. In 1913, Torek performed the first transthoracic esophageal cancer resection successfully.1 A rubber tube was used as the esophageal substitute connecting the esophagostomy and gastrostomy for feeding in the patient, who lived for another 17 years. Reconstruction using stomach as a conduit after intrathoracic esophageal cancer resection was performed by Ohsawa, a Japanese surgeon in Kyoto, in 1933.2 In 1946, Lewis described a 2-phase approach via right thoracotomy and laparotomy.3 Tanner reported the same procedure in 1947.4 McKeown later described the 3-phase esophagectomy via right thoracotomy, laparotomy, and cervical incision.5