RT Book, Section
A1 Christians, Kathleen K.
A1 Thomas,  James
A1 Zechlinski, Joseph
A1 Evans, Douglas B.
A2 Morita, Shane Y.
A2 Balch, Charles M.
A2 Klimberg, V. Suzanne
A2 Pawlik, Timothy M.
A2 Posner, Mitchell C.
A2 Tanabe, Kenneth K.
SR Print(0)
ID 1145765208
T1 PNET: Treatment Sequencing to Include Principles of Surgery
T2 Textbook of Complex General Surgical Oncology
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071793315
LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1145765208
RD 2024/04/20
AB Pancreatic  neuroendocrine  tumors  (PNETs)  account  for  <3%  of  all  pancreatic  tumors  and  occur  with  an  incidence  of  1  to  2  per  100,000  people.1-3  Most  are  sporadic;  however,  they  may  also  be  associated  with  multiple  endocrine  neoplasia  1  (MEN1—parathyroid,  pituitary,  and  PNETs),  Von-Hippel-Lindau  syndrome  (eye,  CNS,  renal  cell  carcinoma,  pheochromocytoma,  and  PNETs),  or  tuberous  sclerosis.  PNETs  are  often  metastatic  at  diagnosis,  most  frequently  to  the  liver.  Regional  node  metastases  are  particularly  common  and  a  regional  lymph  node  dissection  is  an  important  part  of  most  surgical  procedures.  PNETs  have  a  wide  spectrum  of  biologic  behavior  which  is  reflected  in  patients’  5-year  survival  rates  (97%  for  insulinomas,  30%  for  nonfunctional  PNETs  with  metastases).  Lesions  with  higher  mitotic  rates  and  Ki-67  index  demonstrate  a  more  aggressive  biologic  behavior.