RT Book, Section A1 Lucas, Charles E. A1 Ledgerwood, Anna M. A2 Moore, Ernest E. A2 Feliciano, David V. A2 Mattox, Kenneth L. SR Print(0) ID 1141192481 T1 Renal Failure T2 Trauma, 8e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071847292 LK accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1141192481 RD 2024/03/29 AB The average 70-kg person has 42 L of water divided into the intracellular space (ICF) of 28 L and the extracellular space (ECF) of 14 L. The ICF is subdivided into the red blood cell (RBC) mass of 2 L and the visceral mass of 26 L; the ECF is subdivided into a plasma volume (PV) of 3 L and an interstitial fluid space (IFS) volume of 11 L. The cardiac output (CO) in this 70-kg person is 5 L/min with 20% of this flow going to kidneys; thus the kidneys, with a combined weight of about 600 g, have a renal blood flow (RBF) of 1250 mL/min or more than 2 mL/min/g of renal parenchymal. This unusually large RBF reflects the vital renal role in regulating the ICF and ECF, controlling fluid and electrolyte balance, modulating acid-base balance, and excreting undesirable catabolyes.1,2 Protection of renal function is essential for recovery after a shock or septic insult. This chapter reviews normal renal physiology, the renal response to shock and sepsis, guidelines for prevention and treatment of acute renal failure (ARF).