TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Artificial Lung A1 - Martin, Jeremiah T. A1 - Hoopes, Charles W. A1 - Diaz-Guzman, Enrique A1 - Zwischenberger, Joseph B. A2 - Sugarbaker, David J. A2 - Bueno, Raphael A2 - Colson, Yolonda L. A2 - Jaklitsch, Michael T. A2 - Krasna, Mark J. A2 - Mentzer, Steven J. A2 - Williams, Marcia A2 - Adams, Ann PY - 2015 T2 - Adult Chest Surgery, 2e AB - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has continued to evolve since the pioneers of cardiac surgery, Gibbon and Lillehei, developed cardiopulmonary bypass in the 1950s. The term ECMO applies to the use of an extracorporeal circuit, consisting of tubing, oxygenator and blood pump, in the setting of cardiopulmonary failure. The original ECMO was veno-arterial (VA) as popularized by Bartlett in the early 1980s. Over the last three decades ECMO has evolved into several forms including VA, veno-venous (VV), arterio-venous (AV), right atrium to aorta (RA–Ao), and pulmonary artery to left atrium (PA–LA). ECMO in some form may be indicated for acute cardiac failure, respiratory failure, or a mixed presentation; the specific application of the therapy will depend on the presentation of the patient. Likewise, several programs have developed ambulatory capability of most forms of ECMO to aid recovery or suitability for transplant. Ambulatory ECMO is often referred to as the “artificial lung.” SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105844866 ER -