TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Overview of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A1  - Cho, Michael H.
A1  - Fanta, Christopher H.
A2  - Sugarbaker, David J.
A2  - Bueno, Raphael
A2  - Colson, Yolonda L.
A2  - Jaklitsch, Michael T.
A2  - Krasna, Mark J.
A2  - Mentzer, Steven J.
A2  - Williams, Marcia
A2  - Adams, Ann
PY  - 2015
T2  - Adult Chest Surgery, 2e
AB  - Chronic  obstructive  pulmonary  disease  (COPD)  is  defined  by  the  Global  Initiative  for  Chronic  Obstructive  Lung  Disease  (GOLD)1  as  persistent,  usually  progressive  airflow  limitation  associated  with  an  enhanced  inflammatory  response,  generally  in  response  to  noxious  stimuli,  such  as  cigarette  smoking.  COPD  is  one  of  the  few  major  diseases  with  a  rising  burden;  it  is  now  the  third  leading  cause  of  death  in  the  United  States.2  Worldwide,  an  increasing  prevalence  of  cigarette  smoking,  other  exposures  such  as  to  biomass  fuel,  a  reduction  in  other  causes  of  early  mortality,  and  an  aging  population  are  expected  to  lead  to  an  increase  in  the  global  burden  of  COPD,  and  its  rise  from  the  fifth  to  the  fourth  most  common  cause  of  mortality  (Fig.  97-1).3  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/24
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105843841
ER  -