TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Cardiac Transplantation
A1  - Liao, Kenneth K.
A1  - Shumway, Sara J.
A2  - Yuh, David D.
A2  - Vricella, Luca A.
A2  - Yang, Stephen C.
A2  - Doty, John R.
PY  - 2014
T2  - Johns Hopkins Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery
AB  - EpidemiologyHeart  failure  increases  as  the  population  ages  and  becomes  increasingly  obese.  It  can  be  acute  or  chronic,  and  systolic  or  diastolic.PathophysiologyHeart  failure  may  result  from  untreated  hypertension  or  a  myocardial  infarction.  Viruses  may  have  caused  idiopathic  dilated  cardiomyopathies.  Hypertrophic  cardiomyopathy  is  less  common.  Infiltrating  cardiomyopathies  also  occur.Clinical  featuresLeft-heart  failure  is  manifested  by  shortness  of  breath,  cough,  and  fatigue.  Right-heart  failure  is  responsible  for  right  upper  quadrant  abdominal  discomfort  from  a  congested  liver  and  peripheral  edema.  Ascites  occurs  later.DiagnosticsPatient  with  heart  failure  are  evaluated  by  echocardiography,  and  right  and  left  cardiac  catheterization.  Coronary  angiography  is  still  the  gold  standard  for  evaluating  coronary  artery  disease.Treatment  (medical/surgical)Heart  transplantation  is  reserved  for  patients  who  are  failing  medical  management  and  are  not  thought  to  have  a  life  expectancy  of  greater  than  2  years.  It  can  be  done  after  the  patient  has  been  bridged  with  a  left  ventricular  assist  device  (LVAD).Outcomes/prognosisThe  median  survival  after  cardiac  transplantation  is  10  years.  The  mortality  rate  after  1  year  is  3  to  4  percent/year.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1104593214
ER  -