TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Ectopia Cordis and Sternal Defects
A1  - Groner, Jonathan I.
A2  - Ziegler, Moritz M.
A2  - Azizkhan, Richard G.
A2  - Allmen, Daniel von
A2  - Weber, Thomas R.
PY  - 2014
T2  - Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2e
AB  - The  nomenclature  for  ectopia  cordis  is  confusing  and  inaccurate;  only  a  few  survivors  of  “true”  ectopia  cordis  have  ever  been  reported.Thoracic  ectopia  cordis  or  “true”  ectopia  cordis  is  an  extremely  rare  condition  in  which  the  bare  heart  beats  outside  the  body  on  the  newborn's  chest,  and  is  frequently  tilted  so  that  the  apex  is  near  the  patient's  chin.Thoracoabdominal  ectopia  cordis  is  an  omphalocele  variant  involving  major  deficiencies  of  the  abdominal  wall  (superior  to  and  including  the  umbilicus),  diaphragm,  and  lower  sternum.  Although  the  heart  may  protrude  (and  may  be  visible),  it  is  typically  covered  with  attenuated  pericardium  or  skin,  and  is  properly  oriented.Sternal  cleft  is  a  condition  in  which  there  is  a  deficit  in  the  superior  sternum.  In  some  patients  with  large  clefts,  the  heart  appears  to  protrude  out  of  the  chest  when  the  patient  performs  a  Valsalva  maneuver.Patients  with  ectopia  cordis  often  have  structural  abnormalities  of  the  heart,  whereas  patients  with  sternal  clefts  usually  have  normal  hearts.Sternal  clefts  can  usually  be  repaired  in  a  single  stage  with  primary  closure  or  autologous  tissues.  In  contrast,  repairs  of  ectopia  cordis  generally  require  staged  operations  and  the  use  of  prosthetic  materials.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1100432665
ER  -