TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 30. Urinary Incontinence A1 - Lue, Tom F. A1 - Tanagho, Emil A. A2 - McAninch, Jack W. A2 - Lue, Tom F. PY - 2013 T2 - Smith & Tanagho's General Urology, 18e AB - It is estimated that 45.2%, 10.7%, 8.2%, and 21.5% of the 2008 worldwide population (4.3 billion) was affected by at least one lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), overactive bladder (OAB), urinary incontinence, and LUTS/bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), respectively (Irwin et al, 2011). Urinary incontinence is a major health issue and the total direct and indirect cost in the United States alone was estimated at $19.5 billion in 2000, of which 75% is for the management of women with this condition. Incontinence also results in psychological and medical morbidity, significantly impacting health-related quality of life in a manner similar to other chronic medical conditions including osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke. Overall prevalence of female incontinence is reported at 38%, increasing with age from 20–30% during young adult life to almost 50% in the elderly (Anger et al, 2006; Hawkins et al, 2010). Recent advances in the understanding of pathophysiology, as well as development of novel pharmacotherapy and surgical techniques for stress, mixed, and urge incontinence (UI), have redefined contemporary care of this patient group. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/07 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=56948262 ER -