TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - General Open Vascular Repair for Trauma; Tools, and Techniques A1 - Klingensmith, Nathan J. A1 - Meena, Anthony A1 - Benjamin, Elizabeth A1 - Rajani, Ravi R. A2 - DuBose, Joseph J. A2 - Teixeira, Pedro G. A2 - Rajani, Ravi R. PY - 2023 T2 - Vascular Injury: Endovascular and Open Surgical Management AB - Vascular trauma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and occurs in 1% to 2% of all trauma patients. Vascular trauma can be divided into several categories: central versus peripheral, penetrating versus blunt, and upper versus lower. Peripheral vascular injury is more common and offers more options for repair. Central vascular injuries are more frequently associated with blunt mechanisms and may often be managed nonoperatively. Penetrating trauma occurs far more frequently, especially in the peripheral vascular distribution, at nearly a 3:1 ratio. Over half of the penetrating peripheral vascular injuries are caused by ballistic injury, with stabbing covering approximately 30%, while blunt injuries make up the rest of the injuries. Lower extremity vascular injury (femoral and popliteal branches) is more common than upper extremity vascular injury (at around 55% versus 45%).1 SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/12 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1200598822 ER -