TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Esophageal Myotomy, Laparoscopic
A1  - Ellison, E. Christopher
A1  - Zollinger, Jr., Robert M.
A1  - Pawlik, Timothy M.
A1  - Vaccaro, Patrick S.
A1  - Bitans, Marita
A1  - Baker, Anthony S.
PY  - 2022
T2  - Zollinger’s Atlas of Surgical Operations, 11e
AB  - The  manifestations  of  achalasia  include  chest  pain,  dysphagia,  and  in  late  situations  malnutrition.  Most  patients  have  been  treated  for  some  length  of  time  for  the  presumptive  diagnosis  of  gastroesophageal  reflux  disease,  but  on  objective  evaluation  the  classic  findings  of  aperistalsis  of  the  esophagus  and  nonrelaxation  of  the  lower  esophageal  sphincter  are  realized.  Radiographic  evidence  may  demonstrate  long-standing  disease  and,  in  some  situations,  a  dilated  and  distended  esophagus.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/18
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1187821136
ER  -