TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Fulminant Hepatic Failure A1 - Pievsky, Daniel A1 - Pyrsopoulos, Nikolaos T. A2 - Molmenti, Ernesto Pompeo A2 - Santibañes, Martin de A2 - Santibañes, Eduardo de PY - 2021 T2 - Liver Transplantation: Operative Techniques and Medical Management AB - Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), now referred to as acute liver failure (ALF), is a rare but life-threatening condition that relies on early recognition and treatment to achieve optimal outcomes. The term “fulminant hepatic failure” was initially coined in 1970 by Charles Trey and Charles Davison, who defined FHF as “a severe liver injury, potentially reversible in nature and with onset of hepatic encephalopathy within 8 weeks of the first symptoms in the absence of pre-existing liver disease.” This definition was refined in 1993 by John O’Grady and colleagues, who subdivided the disease based on the time that it takes to progress from jaundice to encephalopathy. Their time frames were hyperacute, which progressed in ≤7 days; acute, which progressed in ≤4 weeks; and subacute, which progressed in ≤12 weeks. Currently, the most widely used definition is a variation of the original Trey and Davison model and recognizes ALF as evidence of an abnormality in coagulation (practically, an international normalized ratio [INR] >1.5) with any amount of encephalopathy in a patient without cirrhosis and an illness of <26 weeks in duration. The term FHF is still occasionally used to refer to a subtype of ALF where encephalopathy develops within 8 weeks in a patient with no prior liver disease. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180107291 ER -