TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Diaphragm A1 - Biffl, Walter L. A1 - Cioffi, William G. A2 - Feliciano, David V. A2 - Mattox, Kenneth L. A2 - Moore, Ernest E. PY - 2020 T2 - Trauma, 9e AB - KEY POINTSTraumatic diaphragm injury is rare (<1%) following blunt trauma, whereas penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma has an incidence of 24% to 38%.Most traumatic diaphragm injuries are identified at surgical exploration.The overall accuracy of chest x-ray is quite poor; the only direct sign of diaphragmatic injury is the visualization of herniated abdominal viscera into the chest.Laparoscopy is recommended over computed tomography for the diagnosis of left-sided thoracoabdominal stab wounds.The two principles of repairing acute diaphragmatic hernias are complete reduction of the herniated organs back into the abdominal cavity and watertight closure of the defect.Repair of the acutely blunt-injured diaphragm is best performed via laparotomy, although laparoscopic or thoracoscopic repair is feasible. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175137988 ER -