TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Pathology of Esophageal Cancer A1 - Dhingra, Sadhna A1 - Srivastava, Amitabh A1 - Odze, Robert D. A2 - Sugarbaker, David J. A2 - Bueno, Raphael A2 - Burt, Bryan M. A2 - Groth, Shawn S. A2 - Loor, Gabriel A2 - Wolf, Andrea S. A2 - Williams, Marcia A2 - Adams, Ann PY - 2020 T2 - Sugarbaker’s Adult Chest Surgery, 3e AB - Esophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy that encompasses a range of pathologic entities. Squamous cell carcinomas constitute at least 90% of all cancers worldwide.1 Adenocarcinoma is the second most common type of cancer. Other types, such as small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma, are rare. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased in the United States from 0.5–0.9/100,000 in the 1970s to 3.2–4.0/100,000 in the 1980s and 1990s. Although esophageal adenocarcinoma accounted for about 16% of all esophageal cancers among White men in the United States in the mid-1970s, by the late 1990s, this number approached 50%. This increase has been seen across all socioeconomic groups2 but has been most pronounced in affluent populations.3–7 Over the same period of time, there has been a decline in both esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the distal stomach.8,9 Barrett esophagus is a metaplastic condition in which normal squamous mucosa of the distal esophagus is transformed into intestinalized columnar epithelium. Barrett esophagus is the established precursor lesion for nearly all esophageal adenocarcinomas. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/07 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1170405940 ER -