TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chronic Rhinosinusitis
A1  - Chan, Yvonne
A1  - Goddard, John C.
PY  - 2019
T2  - K.J. Lee’s Essential Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, 12e
AB  - Chronic  rhinosinusitis  (CRS)  is  defined  as  symptomatic  inflammation  of  the  paranasal  sinuses  and  nasal  cavity  for  a  duration  longer  than  12  weeks.To  make  a  diagnosis  of  CRS,  two  or  more  of  the  following  cardinal  symptoms  must  be  present  for  12  weeks  or  longer:Mucopurulent  drainage  (anterior  or  posterior)Nasal  obstruction/congestionFacial  pain  or  pressureHyposmia  or  anosmiaIn  addition  to  documentation  of  two  or  more  of  the  above  symptoms,  inflammation  of  the  nasal  mucosa  must  be  confirmed  by  one  of  the  following  findings:Polyps  in  the  nasal  cavity  or  middle  meatus,  confirmed  with  endoscopy  or  anterior  rhinoscopyPurulence  or  edema  in  the  middle  meatus  or  anterior  ethmoid  cavityRadiographic  (CT)  evidence  of  mucosal  thickening,  edema,  or  other  findings  consistent  with  inflammationCRS  can  be  punctuated  by  acute  exacerbations,  sometimes  referred  to  as  “acute-on-chronic”  rhinosinusitis,  in  which  symptoms  worsen  secondary  to  an  acute  infection  or  other  environmental  insult.Subacute  rhinosinusitis  historically  referred  to  symptoms  lasting  between  4  and  12  weeks,  although  recent  guidelines  have  only  made  diagnostic  and  treatment  distinctions  between  acute  and  CRS.Recurrent  acute  sinusitis  refers  to  four  or  more  discrete  episodes  of  sinusitis  in  one  year,  with  asymptomatic  periods  between  episodes,  and  is  treated  differently  from  CRS.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1172370297
ER  -