TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Anaphylactic and Anaphylactoid Reactions A1 - Pattanaik, Debendra A1 - Yataco, Jose C. A1 - Lieberman, Phil A2 - Hall, Jesse B. A2 - Schmidt, Gregory A. A2 - Kress, John P. Y1 - 2015 N1 - T2 - Principles of Critical Care, 4e AB - Anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening systemic reaction that results from sudden systemic release of mediators from mast cells and basophils.Degranulation of mast cell and basophils are commonly mediated by IgE antibody. Other nonimmunologic mechanisms including direct activation of these cells have been described.The incidence of anaphylaxis appears to be rising, especially among young people.Foods followed by medications (eg, antibiotics and NSAIDs) are the most common cause of anaphylaxis in the outpatient setting.Medications, for example, antibiotics, muscle relaxants, blood products, and radiocontrast media, are common causes of anaphylaxis in the hospital.Onset of symptoms of anaphylaxis is usually immediate but can be delayed by 2 to 10 hours.Cutaneous symptoms are common but hemodynamic collapse and shock can occur in the absence of skin manifestations.The hemodynamic symptoms of anaphylaxis are secondary to the widespread vasodilation and profound intravascular fluid loss.Careful history and physical examination are most important in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Measurement of serum tryptase and histamine can be helpful.Prompt recognition, administration of epinephrine, and intravascular volume replacement are key factors in the successful outcome of this potentially fatal event. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/10 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1107714617 ER -