TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Mechanical Circulatory Support A1 - Kemp, Clinton D. A1 - Conte, John V. A2 - Yuh, David D. A2 - Vricella, Luca A. A2 - Yang, Stephen C. A2 - Doty, John R. Y1 - 2014 N1 - T2 - Johns Hopkins Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery AB - The history of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) parallels that of cardiac surgery and began with the introduction of the Gibbon bubble oxygenator.1 That revolutionary device opened up the field of cardiac surgery and was one of the major medical advances of the last century. Soon after the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) became commonplace, failure to wean from CPB became recognized as a problem whose solution required temporary cardiac support to enable postcardiotomy cardiac recovery. Spencer and coworkers utilized postoperative femoral CPB in 3 patients, one of whom survived and ushered in the modern era of temporary MCS.2 This was soon followed by the use of the first extracorporeal mechanical assist device by DeBakey et al. in 1964 and the subsequent development of the intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation device, variations of which are still in use today. Kantrovitz, Cooley, Oyer, Devries, and others were responsible for other notable firsts including the first successful bridge to transplant (BTT) and first successful total artificial heart (TAH) implant.3–7 Notable clinical landmarks in the history of MCS are shown in Table 51-1. In this chapter, we review the major indications for MCS as well as the various options available. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1104593399 ER -