TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Benign Diffuse Pulmonary Disorders
A1  - Merlo, Christian A.
A2  - Yuh, David D.
A2  - Vricella, Luca A.
A2  - Yang, Stephen C.
A2  - Doty, John R.
Y1  - 2014
N1  - 
T2  - Johns Hopkins Textbook of Cardiothoracic Surgery
AB  - EpidemiologyDiffuse  benign  pulmonary  disorders  cover  a  broad  range  of  primary  lung  diseases  and  can  be  associated  with  systemic  disorders.PathophysiologyMost  benign  pulmonary  disorders  are  derived  from  intrinsic  or  extrinsic  injury.  Such  injury  can  take  the  form  of  cellular  and/or  humoral  immunologic  injury  triggered  by  inhaled  antigens,  infectious  agents,  or  autoimmune  processes.  Chemical  injury  from  smoking  or  certain  drugs  has  also  been  implicated.Clinical  featuresMost  presenting  symptoms  include  progressive  dyspnea  and  cough.  Other  symptoms  include  chest  pain,  wheezing,  and  hemoptysis.  Physical  signs  include  heavy  use  of  accessory  muscles  of  breathing,  cyanosis,  and  clubbing.  Systemic  signs  of  illness  seen  with  some  illnesses  include  fatigue,  weight  loss,  and  malaise.DiagnosticsMost  diffuse  benign  disorders  are  characterized  by  plain  chest  radiography,  computed  tomography,  and  open  or  video-assisted  thoracoscopic  lung  biopsy.  Most  of  these  disorders  have  characteristic  radiologic  pulmonary  parenchymal  patterns,  adenopathy  (e.g.,  sarcoidosis),  and  histologic  characteristics.  Bronchoscopy  with  transbronchial  biopsies/bronchoalveolar  lavage,  fine-needle  aspiration  biopsies,  and  sputum  cultures  and/or  cytologies  is  also  helpful  in  many  cases.  Finally,  a  complete  blood  count  with  differential  (e.g.,  eosinophilic  processes)  and  serum  chemistries  are  helpful  in  some  cases.TreatmentAlthough  treatment  recommendations  vary  with  the  particular  pulmonary  process,  many  are  corticosteroid  based  while  others  are  predicated  on  removal  of  an  inciting  agent  (e.g.,  drug,  tobacco  smoke).OutcomesClinical  outcomes  vary  widely  according  to  the  particular  process.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1104584372
ER  -