TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) A1 - Doherty, Gerard M. Y1 - 2010 N1 - T2 - Quick Answers Surgery AB - • Virchow's triad: Stasis, vascular injury, hypercoagulability-Stasis: Venous insufficiency, heart failure, prolonged bed rest/plane travel-Endothelial injury: Direct trauma, chemotherapy infusion, previous DVT, phlebitis, operative trauma all increase release of tissue factor increasing thrombin and decreasing fibrinolysis-Hypercoagulability: Malignancy, protein C or S deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), liver failure, elevated homocysteine, factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene variant, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria• Important risk factors-Recent surgery-Trauma-Cancer-Prolonged immobilization-Oral contraceptive use• Other risks -Advanced age-Type A blood group-Obesity-Prior DVT-Multiparity-Inflammatory bowel disease-Systemic lupus erythematosus• Most common in calf veins, may arise in femoral or iliac• 25% calf DVT progress proximally• Proximal DVT (femoral or iliac)-Chronic venous insufficiency, 25%-Fatal pulmonary embolism (PE), 10%• Phlegmasia cerulea dolens caused by iliofemoral venous thrombosis, which is characterized by cyanosis of limb from venous outflow obstruction; potentially limb-threatening• In phlegmasia alba dolens, leg is pulseless, pale, cool; potentially limb-threatening SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=58108623 ER -