TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 63. Adrenalectomy A1 - Nehs, Matthew A. A1 - Gawande, Atul A. A1 - Moore, Francis D. A1 - Ruan, Daniel T A2 - Zinner, Michael J. A2 - Ashley, Stanley W. Y1 - 2013 N1 - T2 - Maingot's Abdominal Operations, 12e AB - The adrenal, or suprarenal, glands are paired retroperitoneal organs positioned superomedial to the kidneys at the level of the 12th rib. Each gland is divided into an outer cortex and an inner medulla, which are histologically and functionally distinct layers derived from separate embryologic tissues. The cortex originates from ectoderm and is composed of three zones that produce steroid hormones: the zona fasciculata, which produces mineralocorticoids; the zona glomerulosa, which produces glucocorticoids; and the zona reticularis, which produces sex hormones. The medulla is derived from neural crest cells and is composed of modified postganglionic neurons that connect with the sympathetic nervous system in order to produce epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in response to sympathetic stimuli. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=57021119 ER -