TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 66. Long-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support
A1  - Takayama, Hiroo
A1  - Worku, Berhane
A1  - Naka, Yoshifumi
A2  - Cohn, Lawrence H.
Y1  - 2012
N1  - 
T2  - Cardiac Surgery in the Adult, 4e
AB  - Heart  failure  (HF)  remains  one  of  the  most  common  causes  of  death  in  the  United  States.  Preventive  measures  and  treatment  options  for  HF  have,  however,  improved  significantly.  The  2005  ACC/AHA  guidelines  introduced  a  comprehensive  and  systematic  method  of  assessing  and  managing  patients  with  risk  factors  and  those  with  HF.1  The  suggested  staging  system  is  ambitiously  inclusive,  covering  a  wide  range  of  patients  with  cardiovascular  problems.  It  categorizes  patients  into  Stages  A  (at  high  risk  for  HF  but  without  structural  heart  disease  or  symptoms  of  HF)  to  D  (refractory  HF  requiring  specialized  interventions).  Surgical  interventions  play  a  significant  role  at  each  stage,  and  their  role  becomes  more  important  as  the  stage  advances.  The  surgical  options  described  in  the  guidelines  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  coronary  artery  bypass  grafting  (CABG),  valve  replacement  or  repair,  ventricular  restoration  surgery,  heart  transplantation,  permanent  mechanical  support,  and  experimental  surgery.  A  wide  range  of  cardiac  surgical  procedures  are  covered,  implying  that  HF  is  becoming  one  of  the  most  important  fields  for  cardiac  surgeons.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/17
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=55930526
ER  -