TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
A1  - Torres-Ruiz, Tania A.
A1  - Osman, Mohamed F.
A2  - Nazzal, Munier
A2  - Blebea, John
A2  - Osman, Mohamed F.
Y1  - 2024
N1  - 
T2  - Vascular and Endovascular Surgery: Clinical Diagnosis and Management
AB  - Chronic  mesenteric  ischemia  (CMI),  also  known  as  intestinal  angina,  is  characterized  by  abdominal  pain  after  meals  due  to  low  mesenteric  blood  flow  as  a  result  of  mesenteric  occlusive  disease.  Although  atherosclerotic  disease  in  the  mesenteric  vascular  bed  is  quite  common,  intenstinal  angina  is  rare.1,2  The  prevalence  of  CMI  is  estimated  to  be  1  in  100,000  of  the  annual  US  hospital  admissions  and  accounts  for  2%  of  admissions  for  gastrointestinal  (GI)  conditions.3  CMI  is  more  commonly  seen  in  females  compared  to  males  and  atherosclerotic  disease  in  the  most  common  underlying  pathology.3,4  The  majority  of  the  clinical  presentation  of  this  disease  process  can  be  attributed  to  the  decreased  blood  flow.  After  ingestion  of  a  meal,  blood  flow  increases  to  around  2000  cc/hr  over  the  following  3  to  6  hours  in  order  to  provide  adequate  oxygenation  to  the  GI  system.4,5  Patients  with  mesenteric  ischemia  are  unable  to  mount  this  postprandial  hyperemic  response  that  is  required  for  adequate  oxygenation  and  energy  to  proceed  with  the  metabolic  processes  of  secretion  and  absorption  as  well  as  peristalsis.  As  such,  intestinal  angina  results  from  visceral  organs  failing  to  meet  the  regular  metabolic  requirements.  However,  the  mesenteric  circulation  is  a  complex  network  involving  multiple  collateral,  and  due  to  this,  one  may  not  develop  symptoms  until  at  least  two  of  the  three  major  mesenteric  vessels—the  superior  mesenteric  artery,  inferior  mesenteric  artery,  or  celiac  axis  (SMA,  IMA,  or  celiac  axis)—are  completely  occluded  or  severely  narrowed.6  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1200678445
ER  -