TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Hepatitis B Infection A1 - Orosz, Evan A1 - Pyrsopoulos, Nikolaos T. A2 - Molmenti, Ernesto Pompeo A2 - Santibañes, Martin de A2 - Santibañes, Eduardo de Y1 - 2021 N1 - T2 - Liver Transplantation: Operative Techniques and Medical Management AB - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus within the family of Hepadnaviridae.Transmission occurs predominantly by percutaneous or mucosal contact with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–infected blood or other bodily fluids from people with acute or chronic infection.The incubation period of HBV infection is 4 to 24 weeks.1HBV causes both acute and chronic liver disease, with clinical symptoms ranging from asymptomatic, subclinical to fulminant hepatitis, or decompensated cirrhosis (e.g., complications of variceal bleed, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatorenal syndrome, or hepatopulmonary syndrome).The course of HBV infection is determined by viral replication and the level of immune response in the patient.Despite increasing medical availability, effective antiviral treatments, and a vaccination available since 1981, hepatitis B infection remains an ongoing global health concern. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/10 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1180107370 ER -