TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Alcohol and Drugs
A1  - Rozycki, Grace F.
A1  - Johnson, Laura S.
A2  - Feliciano, David V.
A2  - Mattox, Kenneth L.
A2  - Moore, Ernest E.
Y1  - 2020
N1  - 
T2  - Trauma, 9e
AB  - KEY  POINTSBecause  excessive  alcohol  consumption  and/or  opioid  pain  reliever  abuse  are  frequently  observed  in  injured  patients,  trauma  surgeons  should  know  the  common  substances  abused  and  the  interventions  to  help  the  patient.An  estimated  16  million  people  in  the  United  States  have  alcohol  use  disorder,  and  an  estimated  623,000  of  them  are  adolescents.American  College  of  Surgeons  Levels  I  and  II  trauma  centers  are  mandated  to  have  protocols  in  place  to  assess  and  screen  patients  who  are  at  risk  for  alcohol  use  disorder.Prescription  opioid  overdoses  and  a  recent  surge  in  illicit  opioid  overdoses  (heroin  and  illegally  made  fentanyl)  are  interconnected  trends  that  have  fueled  America’s  opioid  overdose  epidemic.Most  illicit  drugs  exert  their  initial  reinforcing  effects  by  activating  reward  circuits  in  the  brain  similar  to  those  involved  in  alcohol  addiction.  Continued  drug  use  impairs  brain  function  by  interfering  with  the  capacity  to  exert  self-control  over  drug-taking  behaviors.Treatment  for  opioid  use  disorder  includes  the  following  medications:  methadone,  a  synthetic  opioid  agonist  that  eliminates  withdrawal  symptoms  and  relieves  drug  cravings;  buprenorphine,  a  partial  opioid  agonist  that  has  weaker  activation  of  opioid  receptors  but  is  well  tolerated;  and  naltrexone,  an  opioid  antagonist  that  blocks  the  activation  of  opioid  receptors.Surgeons  write  36.5%  of  outpatient  prescriptions  for  opioids,  and,  therefore,  we  are  uniquely  positioned  to  effect  change  in  the  opioid  crisis  at  the  local,  state,  and  national  levels.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw Hill
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/23
UR  - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175140021
ER  -