TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Management of the Airway A1 - Kempema, James M. A1 - D. Trust, Marc A1 - Brown, Carlos V.R. A2 - Feliciano, David V. A2 - Mattox, Kenneth L. A2 - Moore, Ernest E. Y1 - 2020 N1 - T2 - Trauma, 9e AB - KEY POINTSAirway obstruction can occur from excessive bleeding, expanding hematomas, direct anatomic disruption, traumatic swelling, and edema.Prehospital airway interventions can range from BLS airway devices, alternative or blind inserted airway devices, to endotracheal intubation.Capnography is the measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide, which is typically 2 to 5 mm Hg lower than the patient’s PaCO2.In the technique of RSI, laryngoscopy and intubation are facilitated by use of sedating induction agents and short-acting neuromuscular blockade.Etomidate and ketamine are the most appropriate induction agents in most RSI protocols.Adequate preoxygenation along with passive oxygenation during intubation attempts are vital in preventing hypoxia.Factors contributing to difficult airways include anatomic features, abnormal vital signs, and airway contamination.General guidelines for appropriate depth of an endotracheal tube are 21 cm for adult women and 23 cm for adult men.Surgical cricothyroidotomy is contraindicated in children less than 12 years old.A commonly used formula in children to select the appropriate size of an uncuffed endotracheal tube (ET) is ET size in mm = 4 + (age in years)/4. SN - PB - McGraw Hill CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175131542 ER -