TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Primary Repair of Pectus Excavatum A1 - Dieffenbach, Bryan V. A1 - Papadakis, Konstantinos A2 - Sugarbaker, David J. A2 - Bueno, Raphael A2 - Burt, Bryan M. A2 - Groth, Shawn S. A2 - Loor, Gabriel A2 - Wolf, Andrea S. A2 - Williams, Marcia A2 - Adams, Ann Y1 - 2020 N1 - T2 - Sugarbaker’s Adult Chest Surgery, 3e AB - Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital anterior chest wall defect, characterized by a posterior depression of the sternum and inferior costal cartilages. The deformity can be present at birth or develop during childhood. The sternal depression may worsen as the child grows, often peaking during pubertal growth. Incidence is reported in up to 8 per 1000 children.1,2 It is more common in males; the male-to-female ratio is 4:1.3 The etiology of the defect is unknown, although there is a suggestion of an intrinsic abnormality of the costochondral cartilage due to the occurrence of pectus excavatum in patients with connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Scoliosis is present in up to 20% to 30% of patients with pectus excavatum.3 In addition, a family history of pectus excavatum is present in up to 40% of patients, suggesting a genetic predisposition. Approximately one-third of all children with pectus excavatum have a severe deformity that warrants evaluation for surgical repair.1 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/09 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1170415273 ER -