TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Overview of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A1 - Cho, Michael H. A1 - Fanta, Christopher H. A2 - Sugarbaker, David J. A2 - Bueno, Raphael A2 - Burt, Bryan M. A2 - Groth, Shawn S. A2 - Loor, Gabriel A2 - Wolf, Andrea S. A2 - Williams, Marcia A2 - Adams, Ann Y1 - 2020 N1 - T2 - Sugarbaker’s Adult Chest Surgery, 3e AB - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)1 as persistent, usually progressive, airflow limitation associated with an enhanced inflammatory response, generally in response to noxious stimuli, such as cigarette smoking. COPD is one of the few major chronic, noninfectious diseases with a rising burden; it is now the third leading cause of death in the United States.2 Worldwide, an increasing prevalence of cigarette smoking, exposure to substances such as biomass fuel, a reduction in other causes of early mortality, and an aging population have led to an increase in the global burden of COPD; from 1990 to 2015, the prevalence of COPD increased by more than 40%.3 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/28 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1170412596 ER -