TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Endoscopic Treatment of Achalasia A1 - Arevalo Santana, Lubin F. A1 - Othman, Mohamed O. A1 - Wee, Jon O. A1 - Groth, Shawn S. A2 - Sugarbaker, David J. A2 - Bueno, Raphael A2 - Burt, Bryan M. A2 - Groth, Shawn S. A2 - Loor, Gabriel A2 - Wolf, Andrea S. A2 - Williams, Marcia A2 - Adams, Ann Y1 - 2020 N1 - T2 - Sugarbaker’s Adult Chest Surgery, 3e AB - Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent esophageal peristalsis. The incidence rate is approximately 1 in 100,000, and the prevalence is approximately 10 in 100,000.1 This uncommon disease stands out among the esophageal motility disorders as the most clearly defined and successfully treated. Although this disease has well-defined clinical, manometric, and radiographic signs, the etiology is still unknown. Proposed etiologies include autoimmune, neurodegenerative, viral, and hereditary processes that, whether alone or in combination, lead to an inflammatory response that results in loss of inhibitory myenteric neurons.2 SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/11/08 UR - accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1170407525 ER -